GRUP DE RECERCA ASPECTES NUTRICIONALS I BROMATOLÓGICS DELS LÍPIDS

• M Carmen López Sabater, Professor Titular d’Universitat (IP del Grup)
• Ana Isabel Castellote Bargalló, Doctor. Investigador CIBER.
• Carolina Moltó Puigmartí, Doctor. Contracte CIBER.
• Núria Borraz Pradales, Contracte CIBER.
• Laia Badal Limiñana, Contracte CIBER.
• Maribel Chisaguano,Treball recerca Màster.

El grup s’ha dedicat a estudiar el paper dels greixos en la nutrició humana. D’una banda, té una àmplia experiència en l’analítica de la fracció grassa tant en aliments com en mostres biològiques (plasma, eritròcits, lipoproteïnes, llet materna i femta), posant a punt nous mètodes per HPLC i per cromatografia de gasos. Per altra banda, ha aprofundit en els aspectes nutricionals dels greixos, valorant la influència de la ingesta d’aliments en la composició de la fracció lipídica del plasma, membrana d’eritròcits i lipoproteïnes de baixa densitat (LDL).

• Importancia dels ácids grassos en nutrició pediàtrica
  IP: M Carmen López Sabater
• Efecte de l’oli d’oliva en la prevenció de malalties cardivasculars
  IP: M Carmen López Sabater

• Importancia de los ácidos grasos durante la primera etapa de la vida en la prevención de enfermedades atópicas. IP: M Carmen López Sabater. Entitat finançadora: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Refèrencia: AGL2009-09730/ALI. Durada: 2010-2012.
• Proyecto CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red): Epidemiología y Salud Pública. IP: M Carmen López Sabater. Entitat finançadora: Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Refèrencia: CB06/02/0079. Durada: des de l’any 2006.
• Evolución y estabilidad de ácidos grasos, vitaminas, antioxidantes y factores inmunitarios en leche materna. IP: M Carmen López Sabater. Entitat finançadora: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Refèrencia: AGL2005-06940/ALI. Durada: 2006-2009.
• Antioxidants naturals, vins i caves, i aspectes nutricionals i bromatològics dels lípids. IP: M Carmen López Sabater. Entitat finançadora: Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa. Generalitat de Catalunya. Referència: 2009 SGR 606. Durada: 2009-2013.

• de la Torre-Carbot K, Chávez-Servín JL, Jaúregui O, Castellote AI, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Nurmi T, Poulsen HE, Gaddi AV, Kaikkonen J, Zunft HF, Kiesewetter H, Fitó M, Covas MI, López-Sabater MC.
  Elevated circulating LDL phenol levels in men who consumed virgin rather than refined olive oil are associated with less oxidation of plasma LDL.
  J Nutr. 2010 Mar;140(3):501-8.
  PMID: 20089783 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Abstract: In human LDL, the bioactivity of olive oil phenols is determined by the in vivo disposition of the biological metabolites of these compounds. Here, we examined how the ingestion of 2 similar olive oils affected the content of the metabolic forms of olive oil phenols in LDL in men. The oils differed in phenol concentrations as follows: high (629 mg/L) for virgin olive oil (VOO) and null (0 mg/L) for refined olive oil (ROO). The study population consisted of a subsample from the EUROLIVE study and a randomized controlled, crossover design was used. Intervention periods lasted 3 wk and were preceded by a 2-wk washout period. The levels of LDL hydroxytyrosol monosulfate and homovanillic acid sulfate, but not of tyrosol sulfate, increased after VOO ingestion (P < 0.05), whereas the concentrations of circulating oxidation markers, including oxidized LDL (oxLDL), conjugated dienes, and hydroxy fatty acids, decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of LDL phenols and oxidation markers were not affected by ROO consumption. The relative increase in the 3 LDL phenols was greater when men consumed VOO than when they consumed ROO (P < 0.05), as was the relative decrease in plasma oxLDL (P = 0.001) and hydroxy fatty acids (P < 0.001). Plasma oxLDL concentrations were negatively correlated with the LDL phenol levels (r = -0.296; P = 0.013). Phenols in LDL were not associated with other oxidation markers. In summary, the phenol concentration of olive oil modulates the phenolic metabolite content in LDL after sustained, daily consumption. The inverse relationship of these metabolites with the degree of LDL oxidation supports the in vivo antioxidant role of olive oil phenolics compounds.

• Moltó-Puigmartí C, Castellote AI, López-Sabater MC.
  Conjugated linoleic acid determination in human milk by fast-gas chromatography.
  Anal Chim Acta. 2007 Oct 17;602(1):122-30.
  PMID: 17936116 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Abstract: An efficient direct method for measuring c9,t11- and t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer content in human and rat milk was developed and validated using an RTX-2330 capillary column (40 m x 0.18 mm x 0.1 microm). In comparison with the commonly used 100 m x 0.25 mm x 0.20 microm columns, this new type of fast column allowed the separation of FAMEs with the same resolution but in much less time. An additional advantage for biological samples was that only a small volume of sample was needed. Two different procedures were tested in order to select the best methylation of CLA isomers, and the alkali plus acid-catalyzed procedure was selected. The precision results showed relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of repeatability and reproducibility ranging between 0.10 and 8.71%. The application of this method to human and rat milk samples showed that it was a rapid, simple and reliable method for the analysis of biological samples.

• Estruch R, Martínez-González MA, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Covas MI, Fiol M, Gómez-Gracia E, López-Sabater MC, Vinyoles E, Arós F, Conde M, Lahoz C, Lapetra J, Sáez G, Ros E; PREDIMED Study Investigators.
  Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial.
  Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jul 4;145(1):1-11.
  PMID: 16818923 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Background: The Mediterranean diet has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term effects of 2 Mediterranean diets versus those of a low-fat diet on intermediate markers of cardiovascular risk. DESIGN: Substudy of a multicenter, randomized, primary prevention trial of cardiovascular disease (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea [PREDIMED] Study). SETTING: Primary care centers affiliated with 10 teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 772 asymptomatic persons 55 to 80 years of age at high cardiovascular risk who were recruited from October 2003 to March 2004. Interventions: Participants were assigned to a low-fat diet (n = 257) or to 1 of 2 Mediterranean diets. Those allocated to Mediterranean diets received nutritional education and either free virgin olive oil, 1 liter per week (n = 257), or free nuts, 30 g/d (n = 258). The authors evaluated outcome changes at 3 months. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose levels, and inflammatory molecules. RESULTS: The completion rate was 99.6%. Compared with the low-fat diet, the 2 Mediterranean diets produced beneficial changes in most outcomes. Compared with the low-fat diet, the mean changes in the Mediterranean diet with olive oil group and the Mediterranean diet with nuts group were -0.39 mmol/L (95% CI, -0.70 to -0.07 mmol/L) and -0.30 mmol/L (CI, -0.58 to -0.01 mmol/L), respectively, for plasma glucose levels; -5.9 mm Hg (CI, -8.7 to -3.1 mm Hg) and -7.1 mm Hg (CI, -10.0 to -4.1 mm Hg), respectively, for systolic blood pressure; and -0.38 (CI, -0.55 to -0.22) and – 0.26 (CI, -0.42 to -0.10), respectively, for the cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. The Mediterranean diet with olive oil reduced C-reactive protein levels by 0.54 mg/L (CI, 1.04 to 0.03 mg/L) compared with the low-fat diet. LIMITATIONS: This short-term study did not focus on clinical outcomes. Nutritional education about low-fat diet was less intense than education about Mediterranean diets. CONCLUSION: Compared with a low-fat diet, Mediterranean diets supplemented with olive oil or nuts have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

• Bondia-Pons I, Schröder H, Covas MI, Castellote AI, Kaikkonen J, Poulsen HE, Gaddi AV, Machowetz A, Kiesewetter H, López-Sabater MC.
  Moderate consumption of olive oil by healthy European men reduces systolic blood pressure in non-Mediterranean participants.
  J Nutr. 2007 Jan;137(1):84-7.
  PMID: 17182805 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Abstract: We evaluated the effects of a moderate consumption of olive oil on lipid profile, BMI, and blood pressure (BP) in a group of 160 healthy men from non-Mediterranean regions [Northern Europe (n = 50; Finland and Denmark) and Central Europe (n = 60; Germany)] and Mediterranean regions [Southern Europe (n = 45; Italy and Spain)]. The study was a randomized, cross-over trial with 3 intervention periods of 3 wk and 2 wash-out periods of 2 wk. At the intervention periods, 3 similar olive oils (25 mL/d), differing only in their phenolic concentration, were administered to the healthy volunteers. Plasma oleic acid levels increased 2-3% (P < 0.05) in men from populations with lower habitual olive oil intakes (Northern and Central Europe). General linear models showed that the administration of the sequence of the 3 olive oils was responsible for a 3% decrease in systolic BP (SBP) (P < 0.05), but not in diastolic BP, in the non-Mediterranean subjects. Multivariate analysis indicated that the lipid profile did not change in either Mediterranean or non-Mediterranean men due to the olive oil intervention. The results of this study suggest that a moderate consumption of olive oil may be used as an effective tool to reduce SBP of healthy men who do not typically consume a Mediterranean diet. However, additional longer trials are necessary for confirmation.

• Bondia-Pons I, Morera-Pons S, Castellote AI, López-Sabater MC.
  Determination of phospholipid fatty acids in biological samples by solid-phase extraction and fast gas chromatography.
  J Chromatogr A. 2006 May 26;1116(1-2):204-8.
  PMID: 16584741 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

Abstract: A new method for the determination of phospholipid fatty acids in biological samples, combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and fast gas chromatography (GC) was developed. Its application to human plasma and human erythrocytes showed to be robust and reliable for quick and correct identification in routine analysis.

• Instituto de Salud Carlos III
• Institut de Recerca de Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la Universitat de Barcelona
• Generalitat de Catalunya: Grup de Recerca Consolidat